## FANDOM

186 Pages

MIMO/SDMA and Beyond are discussed. MIMO has been considered as important technology to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems.

## Introduction Edit

We start with discussion on the definition of MIMO. MIMO represents various multiple antenna technologies in a wide sence, and represents only multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology in a narrow sence.

The employment of multiple antennas at wireless equipments can improve the performance of signal transmission and reception in wireless systems. The throughput performance of MIMO systems is enhanced almost proportional to the minimum of transmission and reception antennas embedded at at terminal.

## System Model Edit

### MIMO MAC Edit

Main article: MIMO MAC

## MIMO Edit

Main article: MIMO

### Precoding Edit

Main article: Precoding

### Single User Beamforming Edit

Single user beamforming is beamforming for one user in a network where multiple antennas is applied at the access point (AP) (or at the transmitter). The performance of single user beamforming can be represented by the system throughput. For downlink channels, we consider the duality property between the uplink and downlink channels. If the perfect channel status information is available at the AP, the achievable throughput of the downlink beamforming system can be given by

$C_\mathrm{perfect} = \log_2( 1 + P ||\mathbf{h}||^2)$

where $P$ is the transmit power and $\mathbf{h}$ is the downlink beamforming channel.

## SDMA Edit

### Transmit Beamforming Edit

Main article: Transmit Beamforming

### Zero-forcing Beamforming Edit

Main article: Zero-forcing Beamforming

Zero-forcing Beamforming (ZF-BF) transmits or receives date to the direction of the desired users and nulls out the direction of undesired users or interference users, respectively. The concept of interference users can be used for equivalent meaning to undesired users in the transmitting mode.

### Limited Feedback Edit

To apply Zeroforcing Beamforming (ZF-BF) at the transmitter for multiuser wireless networks, the downlink channel states information (CSI) for whole candidate users should be available at the transmitter. Moreover, the accuracy of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) must increase according to average signal-to-noise ratio of the downlink channel, assuming the every candidate users are located at the same distance from the BS.

#### Digital FeedbackEdit

Main article: Digital Feedback

#### Analog FeedbackEdit

Feedback can be implemented as analog signaling so that no quantization processing is not used.

## Multiuser Scheduling for Feedback Beamformig SystemsEdit

Main article: Multiuser Scheduling for Feedback Beamformig Systems

Both multiuser scheduling and feedback beamforming require the overhead signal feedback. Therefore, the combination of two scheme is a complex problem in terms of the feedback resource allocation. If the number of users is smaller than the number of transmit antennas, the base station can transmit the signals to all users without user selection. When the number of users is larger than the number of transmit antennas, the base station will select a set of users for transmission. Assume that the set of all user denoted as $A$ and the cardinality of $A$ is $K$. The size of the selected user set is less than or equal to the number of transmit antennas, i.e., $|S| \leq M$ where $M$ is the number of transmit antennas and $S \in A$ is the set of the selected users.

## Cooperative Wireless Networks Edit

### Relaying Strategies Edit

#### Compress-and-Forward Edit

Main article: Compress and forward

The compress-and-forward strategy allows the relay node to compress the received signal before transmitting it to the destination node, where the Wyner-Ziv coding has been known as the optimal compression algorithm.

## Shannon Theory 2.0 Edit

Main article: Shannon Theory 2.0

### Theoretical Approach vs. Experimental ApproachEdit

Main article: Theoretical Approach vs. Experimental Approach

## Personal Thesis Edit

We include on-going personal thesis for discussion.

### J. S. Kim, Limited Feedback MIMO/SDMA Edit

Main article: Limited Feedback MIMO/SDMA

In this thesis, we discuss effective limited Feedback MIMO/SDMA schemes in terms of the system performance.

### J. S. Kim, On the performance of digital feedback beamforming systems Edit

Main article: On the performance of digital feedback beamforming systems

This paper discusses net spectral efficiency for digital feedback beamforming systems in complex wireless networks. Contrary to SISO cellular networks, MIMO, multiuser beamforming, cooperative relay networks can be seen as complex wireless networks because the signal complexity of such cellular networks substantially higher than simple cellular networks where the link to link channel is of main interest.